Excavating and Analyzing Law of Syndrome and Treatment Based on TCM Master's Qi and Blood Treatment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBased on the medical cases of Qi and blood co-treatment of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） masters， to discover the syndrome and treatment rules and medication experience of Qi and blood co-treatment through data mining. MethodFrom December 1999 to November 2020， the Qi and blood treatment cases of TCM masters were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）. Frequency statistics， association rules， cluster analysis and other methods were used for data mining. ResultThe analysis of 591 medical cases of 57 national medical master found that blood stasis， Qi deficiency， Qi stagnation， blood deficiency and phlegm were the most common syndromes. The tongue was reddish， pale or dark， the moss was white or thin， and the pulse was thin， stringy， heavy and slippery. In the treatment of Qi and blood， the disease in the early stage is mostly in Qi and blood itself. At this time， the emphasis should be on regulating Qi and blood， or tonic or attack or both. At the same time， attention should be paid to invigorating the spleen， soothing the liver and tonifying the kidney. Core drugs include Danggui Buxuetang， Buyang Huanwutang， Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang， Taohong Siwutang， Si Junzitang， Linggui Zhugantang， Xiaoyaosan， Danggui Shaoyaosan and other chemical cut. ConclusionWhen treating Qi and blood together， Chinese medical masters attach great importance to the relationship between Qi and blood and the development stage of diseases， and emphasize the precision and dynamic differentiation of treatment. Their theories and experience of diagnosis and treatment are worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Core prescriptions in treatment of edema by traditional Chinese medicine masters and mechanism prediction / 中国中药杂志

The core prescriptions and formulation characteristics in the treatment of edema by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) masters were analyzed through data mining and their mechanisms were explored by network pharmacology. We collected journal reports on the treatment of edema by TCM masters in three sessions from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and constructed a database by Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System 3.0. The prescriptions in the case studies were analyzed by association rules and k-means clustering. The chemical components and targets of Chinese medicines in core prescriptions were collected through TCMSP and TCMID. Edema-related targets were collected from DrugBank and GeneCards. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed by STRING and the core targets were screened out. FunRich 3.1.3 was used to enrich the expression sites of core prescriptions. Metascape was used to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis of intersection targets. Cytoscape 3.6.0 was used to visualize the "Chinese medicine-active ingredient-core target-pathway" network. The results showed that 315 pieces of medical records in the treatment of edema by TCM masters were obtained and five core prescriptions were analyzed by association rules and k-means clustering. Core prescription 1 contained Poria, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Alismatis Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Codonopsis Radix, involving 166 chemical components and 1 125 targets. Core prescription 2 contained Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, involving 138 chemical components and 1 112 targets. Core prescription 3 contained Poria, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, and Coicis Semen, involving 126 chemical components and 1 121 targets. Core prescription 4 contained Poria, Forsythiae Fructus, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Imperatae Rhizoma, Cicadae Periostracum, and Coicis Semen, involving 58 chemical components and 820 targets. Core prescription 5 contained Poria, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Alismatis Rhizoma, Trionycis Carapax, and Dioscoreae Rhizoma, involving 68 chemical components and 919 targets. The core targets of core prescriptions included AKT1, ALB, CASP3, MAPK3, EGFR, SRC, MAPK1, and TNF. The potential targets of core prescriptions in the treatment were highly expressed in the stomach, bladder, lung, and kidney. KEGG pathways were enriched in inflammation and cell cycle pathways, especially the inflammation-relation pathways. The therapeutic effect of core prescriptions on edema is presumedly achieved by tonifying the spleen, draining water, activating blood, and benefiting Qi to resist inflammation and regulate the immune system. This study is expected to provide references for the summary of TCM masters' experience and new drug development.

Establishment and application of quality evaluation method for Xiaochaihu Granules based on calibrator samples / 中国中药杂志

With reference to the production process documented in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, this paper prepared the calibrator samples of Xiaochaihu Granules from multiple batches and established a method for fingerprint analysis and content determination that could be used to evaluate Xiaochaihu Granules available in market. Multiple batches of Chinese herbal pieces contained in Xiaochaihu Granules were collected for preparing the calibrator samples according to the process in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Following the establishment of fingerprints for calibrator samples by UHPLC, the method for determining the contents of saikosaponin B2, saikosaponin B1, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, liquiritin, glycyrrhizin G2 and glycyrrhizic acid in Xiaochaihu Granules was established. The experimental results showed that the fingerprints of calibrator samples had 26 common peaks, covering the chemical compounds of main herbs Bupleuri Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Changii Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens. The similarity of fingerprints for 47 batches of Xiaochaihu Granules from 31 companies with the calibrator sample fingerprint ranged from 0.74 to 0.99, indicating good applicability of the established fingerprint. The contents of main components baicalin, saikosaponin B2, and glycyrrhizic acid in Xiaochaihu Granules were within the ranges of 22.917-49.108 mg per bag(RSD 19%), 0.28-2.19 mg per bag(RSD 62%), and 0.897-6.541 mg per bag(RSD 41%), respectively. The quality difference in saikosaponin B2, and glycyrrhizic acid among different manufacturers was significant. The fingerprint analysis and content determination method for calibrator samples of Xiaochaihu Granules prepared according to the production process in Chinese Pharmacopoeia has been proved suitable for evaluating the quality of Xiaochaihu Granules from different manufacturers. Saikosaponin B2, glycyrrhizic acid, and liquiritin should be added as content control indicators for Xiaochaihu Granules, aiming to further improve the product quality.

Changes of Anti-tuberculosis Herbs Formula During Past Three Decades in Contrast to Ancient Ones / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the evolution of herbal medicine in treating tuberculosis (TB) and encourage anti-TB drug discovery and development.@*METHODS@#In this study, 477 ancient traditional Chinese medicine formulae were collected from the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions and 172 modern Chinese medicine formulae (from 1986 to 2016) were collected by searching 4 databases: WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Chinese Bio-medical Literature and Retrieval System (SinoMed) in Chinese. We restricted the search to publications in Chinese. Further data analysis was done using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System version 2 Software.@*RESULTS@#There were 425 herbs in the 477 ancient formulae and 257 herbs in the 172 modern formulae. Half of the top 30 herbs were shared by both modern and ancient prescriptions. They are Radix Ophiopogonis, Astragalus membranaceus, Fritillaria cirrhosa, Dried rehmannia glutinosa, Poria cocos, Angelica sinensis, Prepared rehmannia glutinosa, Platycodon Root, Radix paeoniae alba, Schisandra chinensis, Bighead atractylodes rhizome, Rhizoma anemarrhenae, Cortex lycii radicis and Radix Scutellariae. Only two groups of herbs with a high correlation coefficient were found in both modern and ancient prescriptions, the Dried rehmannia glutinosa with Radix ophiopogonis, and Radix ophiopogonis with Prepared rehmannia glutinosa. There were 9 and 15 core herb combinations in modern and ancient prescriptions, respectively, but no one was found simutaniously in both modern and ancient prescriptions.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Although there were wide variations in the herb groups and herb combinations in the formulae, half of the top 30 herbs were found in both modern and ancient prescriptions. The core herb combinations in modern and ancient prescriptions could help us to improve the priscription for treatment of TB.

Efficacy and mechanism of new resource medicinal materia Moringa oleifera leaves against hyperlipidemia / 中国中药杂志

High fat diet induced hyperlipidemia hamster model was used to explore the anti-hyperlipidemia effect of water extract of Moringa oleifera leaves( WEMOL). On this basis,the possible action mechanism was predicted by network pharmacology. Golden hamsters were randomly divided into normal diet group( NFD),high-fat diet group( HFD),simvastatin group,high dose group of WEMOL( HIWEMOL) and low dose group of WEMOL( LOWEMOL). The model was administered simultaneously for 66 days,during which the body weight changes of hamsters were recorded. At the end of the experiment,serum lipid level and serum transaminase level of golden hamsters in each group were detected,and the pathological changes of liver were observed by hematoxylin-eosin( HE) staining. The results showed that WEMOL could significantly decrease the serum total cholesterol( TC),total triglyceride( TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-c) levels,and reduce the lipid deposition in liver tissue,thus improving the hyperlipidemia of golden hamsters. According to the prediction of network pharmacology,219 targets of potential active components of M.oleifera leaves and 185 targets of water-soluble potential active components of M. oleifera leaves for the treatment of hyperlipidemia were obtained separately. The MCODE analysis was performed on the PPI network of 219 targets and 185 targets obtained above and got five and four clusters respectively. The signaling pathway analysis of clusters showed that among the common pathways,nonalcoholic fatty liver,insulin resistance,MAPK signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,cell apoptosis and HIF-1 signaling pathway were associated with hyperlipidemia. In addition,the potential active components of M. oleifera leaves could also inhibit the metabolic inflammation of hyperlipidemia by modulating complement and coagulation cascades signaling pathway,and GSK3 B,F2,AKT1,RELA,SERPINE1 might be the key targets. The water-soluble potential active components of M. oliefera leaves could modulate lipid metabolism by modulating AMPK signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway,with PIK3 CB,PIK3 CA,CASP3,AKT1 and BCL2 as the key targets. These results suggested that WEMOL had anti hyperlipidemia effect,and its mechanism might be related to the protein expression regulation of lipid metabolism,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis related signaling pathways.

Construction of model for multidimensional evaluation of value and risk of Chinese patent medicine / 中国中药杂志

It is the core of the development for Chinese patent medicine enterprises to cultivate large varieties of Chinese patent medicine, and the selection of potential "seed" products is the prerequisite for the cultivation strategy. By constructing the evaluation model from multiple dimensions of value and risk, we can conduct specialized evaluation of Chinese patent medicines to effectively, professionally and objectively select the "seed" products with large variety cultivation potential. In this paper, the establishment of a multidimensional evaluation system would be discussed from the aspects of drug naming and prescription composition, safety risk and supply guarantee of raw materials and medicinal materials, competition situation, access to policy catalogue, scientific and technological support, clinical evidence and recognition, systematical and standardized collection of information on product instructions, quality standards, policy catalogue, scientific and technological literature, market competition and clinical application of Chinese patent medicines. Through the objective evaluation index and the range of objective index, the multi-dimensional evaluation model on values and risks of Chinese patent medicine products was discussed. Based on this model, a batch of Chinese patent medicine products can be quickly and comprehensively analyzed, and quantitative comparison can be formed among different types and fields of products. According to the evaluation results of the model and the comprehensive evaluation of experts, high-quality "seed" products can be selec-ted, laying a solid foundation for the next step of large variety cultivation. With use of this model, we can further clarify the external competitive advantages and internal priority levels of each product, and provide support for enterprises to optimize product structure and improve product strategic layout.

Network pharmacology study of Yi medicine Jinweitai Capsules in treating gastrointestinal diseases / 中国中药杂志

The network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to explore the mechanism of Jinweitai Capsules in the treatment of acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and chronic colitis. The chemical components of herbs in Jinweitai Capsules were collected through TCMSP, CNKI and PubMed. Target prediction was performed through PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction databases; genes relating to acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic colitis were collected from OMIM database; potential targets of Jinweitai Capsules for relevant gastrointestinal diseases were obtained by Venny analysis; DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG enrichment analysis; protein interactions were obtained by STRING database and visua-lized by Cytoscape; AutoDockVina was used for molecular docking of AKT1, EGFR, PTPN11 and its reverse-selected chemical components. Potential mechanisms of Jinweitai Capsules in treating relevant gastrointestinal diseases were clarified according to the results of the docking. The results showed 86 potential active ingredients of Jinweitai Capsules and 268 potential targets for treatment of acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and chronic colitis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 20 pathways relating to acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and chronic colitis mainly involved calcium signaling pathway and chemokine signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed a good binding activity between AKT1, EGFR, PTPN11 and its reverse screening chemical components. Jinweitai Capsules may exert an effect in the treatment of acute and chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and chronic colitis by acting on AKT1, EGFR, PTPN11 and other targets in 15 signal pathways relating to cell inflammation and immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis, Helicobacter pylori infection, and gastrointestinal tract.

Pathological Mechanisms of Brain-Heart Mutual Damage and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine: A review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The brain and heart has a tight relationship upon physiology and pathology during the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with clinical conditions interacting with each other and complex pathological mechanisms. Clinical studies prove that cerebral diseases such as stroke usually happen with cardiac diseases as complications， and cardiac diseases such as atrial fibrillation can also cause cerebral diseases， which can even aggravate brain atrophy and lead to cognitive impairment. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） also believes that “the substance of Shenming is located in the brain and the function in the heart.” Specifically， Yuanshen is in the brain and Shishen is in the heart， which thus makes the heart and brain closely related. If Shenming in any of them is impaired， the other one would also be injured. Therefore， the pathological mechanisms of brain-heart mutual damage have become one of the current research hotspots. This paper， combined with the clinical research status of the brain-heart mutual damage， summarized its pathological mechanisms from the perspectives of inflammatory responses， dysregulation of autonomic nervous system， apoptosis， energy metabolism and oxidative stress. The necessity of “brain-heart concurrent regulation” was proposed and the research progress on the treatment of cerebral and cardiac diseases with TCM represented by Naoxintong capsule was profiled in the light of heart and brain function described by TCM and the holistic concept of TCM treating cerebral and cardiac diseases. This paper reviews the pathological mechanisms of brain-heart mutual damage and the research progress on its treatment with TCM， which can provide reference for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and further research on them.

Analysis of medication regularity of classical prescription in treatment of COPD based on multi-target efficacy evaluation system of Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Effective drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), a complex chronic lung disease, have long been difficultly determined, while traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a critical effect in the treatment of such disease. A new approach for the prediction based on data analysis by integrating TCM basic theories and modern science is urgently needed apart from clinical experiments. In this study, an efficacy evaluation system of COPD was established based on the multi-target efficacy evaluation system of Chinese medicine to analyze the medication regularity and characteristics, such as efficacies, properties, meridian tropism,and core combinations of Chinese medicines. The characteristics of classical prescriptions in the intervention of COPD were explored from modern pharmacology. The results showed that the Chinese medicines in the classical prescriptions in the treatment of COPD were dominated by heat-clearing, phlegm-resolving, dampness-dispelling, exterior-releasing, deficiency-tonifying, and interior-warming drugs. Among them, dampness-dispelling, interior-warming, and heat-clearing drugs resulted in higher perturbation efficiency in the disease network than some western medicines on the market, suggesting that these drugs possessed better efficacies in the treatment of COPD. In the classic prescriptions, warm-heat drugs were equivalent to cold-cool drugs in number, while the proportion of warm-heat drugs gradually raised with the increase in the perturbation efficiency. Additionally, core combinations in the classical prescriptions,such as heat-clearing/heat-clearing, dampness-dispelling/dampness-dispelling, and phlegm-resolving/heat-clearing, could achieve better efficacy for COPD. The present study preliminarily screened out the efficacies of Chinese medicines in the treatment of COPD based on scientific data through the multi-target efficacy evaluation system to explore the effect of Chinese medicine on COPD from modern pharmacology, explain the mechanism of TCM treatment of lung diseases, and provide references for the development of drugs targeting COPD.

Analysis of potential role of Chinese classic prescriptions in treatment of COVID-19 based on TCMATCOV platform / 中国中药杂志

With the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), screening of effective drugs has became the emphasis of research today; furthermore, screening of Chinese classic prescriptions has became one of the directions for drug development. This study analyzed the application of classic prescriptions in the diagnosis and treatment schemes based on the Diagnosis and Treatment Schemes for Coronavirus Disease at the country, provincial and municipal levels, and further explored its disrobing effect on COVID-19 disease severe phase network, and selected representative prescriptions for core target screening and gene enrichment analysis, so as to reveal its mechanism of action. Among them, 13 prescriptions were found to be used for 10 times or more, including Maxing Shigan Tang, Yinqiao San, Shengjiang San, Dayuan Drink, Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction. In addition, the COVID-19 efficacy prediction analysis platform(TCMATCOV platform) was used to calculate the network disturbances of the Chinese classic prescriptions involved. Based on the prediction results, 68 classic prescriptions were assessed on the COVID-19 disease network robustness disturbance. The average disturbance scores for the interaction confidence scores were ranked to be 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 from the highest to the lowest. There were 7 prescriptions with a score of 17 or more, and 50 prescriptions with a score of 13 or more. Among them, the top three prescriptions were Ganlu Xiaodu Dan(18.19), Lengxiao Wan(17.74), and Maxing Shigan Tang(17.62). After further mining the action targets of these three prescriptions, it was found that COVID-19 disease-specific factors Ccl2, IL10, IL6 and TNF were all the targets of three prescriptions. Through the enrichment analysis of the biological processes of the core targets, it was found that the three prescriptions may prevent the development of the disease by affecting cell-to-cell adhesion, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, and chronic inflammatory responses to COVID-19 at the severe phase. This study showed that the TCMATCOV platform could evaluate the disturbance effect of different prescriptions on the COVID-19 disease network, and predict potential effectiveness based on the robustness of drug-interfered pneumonia disease networks, so as to provide a reference for further experiments or clinical verification.

TCMATCOV--a bioinformatics platform to predict efficacy of TCM against COVID-19 / 中国中药杂志

There is urgent need to discover effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treating coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The development of a bioinformatic tool is beneficial to predict the efficacy of TCM against COVID-19. Here we deve-loped a prediction platform TCMATCOV to predict the efficacy of the anti-coronavirus pneumonia effect of TCM, based on the interaction network imitating the disease network of COVID-19. This COVID-19 network model was constructed by protein-protein interactions of differentially expressed genes in mouse pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV and cytokines specifically up-regulated by COVID-19. TCMATCOV adopted quantitative evaluation algorithm of disease network disturbance after multi-target drug attack to predict potential drug effects. Based on the TCMATCOV platform, 106 TCM were calculated and predicted. Among them, the TCM with a high disturbance score account for a high proportion of the classic anti-COVID-19 prescriptions used by clinicians, suggesting that TCMATCOV has a good prediction ability to discover the effective TCM. The five flavors of Chinese medicine with a disturbance score greater than 1 are mainly spicy and bitter. The main meridian of these TCM is lung, heart, spleen, liver, and stomach meridian. The TCM related with QI and warm TCM have higher disturbance score. As a prediction tool for anti-COVID-19 TCM prescription, TCMATCOV platform possesses the potential to discovery possible effective TCM against COVID-19.

Analysis of Pathogenesis and Prescription Formulating Principle of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment Plan for COVID-19 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the health authorities in various regions have formulated a group of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment programs based on the consensus analysis of etiology and pathogenesis of TCM experts, and recommended the guiding prescriptions for different syndromes in three stages of prevention, treatment and recovery. In order to effectively summarize the understanding of the pathogenesis of each scheme and the rules of the formulation of various prescriptions, based on 49 TCM prevention and treatment plans issued by the health administration departments, 308 TCM prescriptions were sorted by stages (151 prescriptions in the treatment period, 118 prescriptions in the prevention period and 39 prescriptions in the recovery period). The 2019-nCoV pneumonia prescriptions was further processed by using TCM inheritance platform system. The common syndromes and the frequency of commonly used Chinese medicines were summed up. The commonly used drug pairs and combinations in different stages were extracted, and their association rules were analyzed. The rules of the Chinese herbal prescription for COVID-19 were preliminarily summarized. During the treatment period, the main syndrome types are inner blocking causing collapse, epidemic toxin in the lung, cold dampness in the lung and toxic heat in the lung, involving 187 kinds of herbs, 29 kinds of herbs with single taste frequency more than 20 times.Armeniacae Semen Amarum is the most frequently used, Gypsum Fibrosum-Armeniacae Semen Amarum is the most frequently used drug-pair, the core formula is Maxing Shigan Tang, and the main pathogenesis is cold, wet and heat. There is no unified syndrome type in the prevention period, involving 119 herbs in total. There are 13 kinds of herbs with single taste frequency more than 20 times. The most frequently used is Astragali Radix. The most frequently used medicine pair is Astragali Radix-Saposhnikoviae Radix. The core formula is Yupingfeng San, and the main pathogenesis is Qi deficiency. During the recovery period, the main syndromes are deficiency of lung and spleen Qi deficiency and Qi and Yin deficiency, involving 113 herbs, 12 kinds of herbs with single taste frequency more than 10 times, Poria with the highest frequency of use, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Poria with the highest frequency of drug pairing, Erchentang and Shengmaiyin with the main pathogenesis of deficiency of spleen Qi and Yin. The purpose of this study is to provide multiple references for strengthening clinical precise treatment, improving the effect of TCM treatment and promoting the management of TCM prevention and control resources.

On Large Varieties of Chinese Patent Medicine and Theoretical Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Chinese patent medicines have the basic characteristics of great clinical value， strong scientific value and high market value. It is not only the core engine of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） industry development but also the important content of TCM academic development， which is the great significance of the cause and industry of TCM. In this study， based on reviewing the methods and models of TCM theoretical， the innovation of TCM theory and Chinese patent medicines were hitting-point， which it is emphasized that the creation of effective formula is the concentrated embodiment of the theoretical innovation research results， and the Suhuang Zhike capsule and fengke theory， Tongxinluo capsule and collateral disease theory were taken as examples. On this basis， the ideas and strategies were put forward to realizing the theoretical innovation research of TCM with the large varieties of TCM as the carrier， that is， based on combing and analyzing the prescription rules and functional indications of the large varieties of TCM， and deepening the theoretical connotation of it. Meanwhile， not only emphasized the general theoretical understanding but also paid attention to the application of unique drugs and their compatibility. It not only satisfies the modern scientific connotation of revealing the role of TCM， but also explores unknown or possible new targets， new pathways and mechanisms by using large varieties of proprietary Chinese medicines to promote scientific discoveries and lead medical research.

Interpretation of Theory of Weiluo Tongxin and Its Potential Molecular Mechanism Based on Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The scientific interpretation of the connotation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory is an important part of the development of TCM. Combined ancient classic theories with modern science and technology is a new path for the innovative development of TCM theory. Based on this， taking Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang as an example， the molecular mining technology of integrative pharmacology-based research platform of TCM V2.0 （TCMIP V2.0） was used to analyze the mechanism of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang in preventing and treating gastropathic stomachache. A total of 220 chemical components in Zhishi Xiebai Guizhitang were obtained， and 674 targets were involved， of which 12 core targets directly affected angina pectoris and gastroesophageal reflux disease， including insulin （INS）， glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPDH）， RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 （AKT1）， tumour protein p53 （TP53）， albumin （Alb）， mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 （MAPK3）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， etc. And tumor necrosis factor （TNF） signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway， IL-17 signaling pathway， hypoxia-inducible factor-1 （HIF-1） signaling pathway and other 121 pathways involved in these related diseases. All of these are the biological basis of Weiluo Tongxin theory. Combing the classical theories of TCM combined with the exploring the molecular mechanism of representative prescriptions can provide a demonstration and reference for the scientific connotation research of TCM theory.

Discussion on Prescription Discovery and Molecular Mechanism of Portulacae Herba in Treating Diabetes Mellitus Based on Data Mining and Integrative Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:A new prescription containing Portulacae Herba was created and the molecular mechanism of the new prescription for treating diabetes was clarified based on big data of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Method:Taking Portulacae Herba as the key word， the TCM Inheritance Support System and Encyclopedia of TCM （ETCM） were used to excavate the most frequently used medicines combined with Portulacae Herba， and form a new prescription. Based on the basic theory of TCM， this paper analyzed the rationality of the new prescription in treating diabetes， and used the Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of TCM （TCMIP） to predict the target of the new prescription， and constructed the interaction network between drugs and targets of diabetes-related diseases， the key targets of drug intervention were enriched and analyzed， and the network graph of TCM-chemical composition-key target-pathway was drawn. Result:There were 89 prescriptions containing Portulacae Herba in ETCM. The most frequently used medicines in combination with Portulacae Herba were Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex， Rehmanniae Radix and Saposhnikoviae Radix， the four medicines were combined into a new prescription. According to the new prescription to treat diabetes， 89 key core target information was obtained， among which there were 10 targets of drug and disease， including phosphoinositide-3 kinase regulatory subunit 1 （PIK3R1）， insulin （INS）， glucokinase （GCK）， etc. The new prescription treated diabetes by regulating growth hormone receptor signaling， protein kinase A （PKA） activation， adrenoceptors and other pathways. Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of new prescription containing Portulacae Herba created by big data analysis of TCM on diabetes reflects multi-component， multi-target， multi-pathway characteristics of TCM， which can provide scientific basis for explaining the mechanism and material basis of this new prescription in the treatment of diabetes.

Analysis on Composition Rules of Chinese Patent Drugs Treating Pain-Related Diseases Based on Data Mining Method / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the composition rules of oral prescriptions in the treatment of headache, stomachache and dysmenorrhea recorded in National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs (NSCPD) enacted by Ministry of Public Health of China and then make comparison between them to better understand pain treatment in different regions of human body.@*METHODS@#Constructed NSCPD database had been constructed in 2014. Prescriptions treating the three pain-related diseases were searched and screened from the database. Then data mining method such as association rules analysis and complex system entropy method integrated in the data mining software Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) were applied to process the data.@*RESULTS@#Top 25 drugs with high frequency in the treatment of each disease were selected, and 51, 33 and 22 core combinations treating headache, stomachache and dysmenorrhea respectively were mined out as well.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The composition rules of the oral prescriptions for treating headache, stomachache and dysmenorrhea recorded in NSCPD has been summarized. Although there were similarities between them, formula varied according to different locations of pain. It can serve as an evidence and reference for clinical treatment and new drug development.

Study strategies on medicinal properties of foreign medicine introduced to traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road were the important accesses for the exchanges of herbal medicine between the primary traditional medical systems in the ancient world,which also are the strategic links between the areas with herbal medicine widely used and the most active markets for herbs at present. This article focuses on the foreign medicinal resources introduced to traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) in China. As new resources of Chinese Materia Medica( CMM),the four basic conditions should be required,which are the clear origin,the safety and effectiveness in clinical,the efficacy and properties described with theory of TCM.Medicinal property is the key scientific problem of foreign medicinal resources introduced to TCM. The research strategies include three aspects. Medicinal properties of foreign medicinal resources will be deduced and analyzed across multiple medical systems by solving the difference depending on finding the similarities of traditional medical systems. The medicinal properties-efficacies of foreign medicinal resources will be identified by identifying Xiang and selecting similar CMM. And Xiang-properties-efficacies of foreign medicinal resources will be researched under formulae environment using medicinal properties.

Case Study on Clinical Positioning of Large Varieties of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Guided by TCM Theory——Taking Yixinshu Capsule as an Example / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The clinical value is the core factor for determining the products of Chinese patent medicines on the market. It is clear that defining the clinical positioning of Chinese patent medicines and maximizing their clinical efficacy and value are of great practical significance for each Chinese patent medicine. Precise clinical positioning not only requires systematic analysis and summarization of existing literature and clinical practice data, but also requires verification and proof from detailed experimental data, thus to provide scientific support for basic research. In this research, a three-dimensional integration strategy of " traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory-clinical practice-basic research" was proposed to play a vital role in clinical positioning and evaluation of Chinese patent medicines. Yixinshu capsule was taken as an example to discuss clinical positioning of Chinese patent medicines under the guidance of TCM theory. Based on the interpretation of the evolution of the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (thoracic obstruction), combined with the core efficacy of the drug composition, the effect of Yixinshu capsule in benefiting Zongqi, calming midnd, improving blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis was identified, which was suitable for treatment for the recurrent episodes of angina pectoris, and emergency of symptoms of chronic heart failure. At the level of TCM theory, the clinical positioning of Yixinshu capsule was further defined, and the key points of in-depth research were proposed to provide reference for the mechanism research and clinical application of Yixinshu capsule. Based on the prescription and its score functions, precise analysis of clinical positioning of large varieties of TCM under the guidance of TCM theory, on the one hand will give full play to the value of TCM original knowledge and guide the basic research of Chinese patent medicines, on the other hand the research results will enrich, benefit and sublimate the TCM theory, and finally provide a critical paradigmatic for the clinical positioning of large varieties of TCM under the guidance of TCM theory.

Discovery and Application of Quality Marker of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Integrative Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Quality marker(Q-marker) is a new concept and pattern for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which will lead the development direction for quality control of TCM.Among them,how to characterize the overall quality attribute of TCM and its biological effect,is a critical scientific problem in the study of Q-marker.In this paper,integrated pharmacology is utilized to screen out and confirm the Q-marker from the complex system of TCM,so as to solve the critical scientific problem.System biology in vivo is firstly applied to establish the correlation of chemical fingerprints of TCM,their metabolic fingerprints,network targets,biological effects and efficacy of TCM,which is used to preliminary screen out Q-marker of TCM.Following that,a pharmacological method in vitro,including intestinal absorption in vitro coupled with bioactivity assessment,is employed to simultaneously determine the absorbed doses of TCM and evaluate their biological activity.Furthermore,data mining is utilized to establish the exact quantitative mathematic model between Q-marker of TCM and bioactivity.Meanwhile,two representative examples,including Yuanhu Zhitong tablets,Xinsuning capsules,are introduced to identify Q-marker of TCM and establish their quality standards related with bioactivity,which will be beneficial to improve the level of quality control of TCM and ensure the effectiveness and safety of clinical applications.

Study on relevance mining of "core drug action target" in Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions / 中国中药杂志

Based on the database of "Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions", high-frequency herbs of Xiaoke disease is mined by traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system, and core herbs and combinations are discovered through association rules and cluster analysis. On this basis, based on the integrative pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine to explore the herb-disease relationship, the "herb-compound-target" network is constructed and enriched for the analysis of key target gene functions, metabolic pathways, and their "core herb-target interactions". In order to explore the molecular mechanism of its prevention and treatment of diabetes, 341 diabetes prescriptions are collected, organized, and tapped in the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions. Herb frequency statistics show that Licorice was the most commonly used, followed by Ophiopogonis Radix, Poria, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, etc., the medicinal properties are mostly cold, warm and ping, and the medicinal taste tends to be pungent, bitter, and sour, and they were attributed to lung meridian, stomach meridian, spleen meridian, etc. Among them, the 17 herbs were closely related. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Ophiopogonis Radix, Poria and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were the core Chinese herbs. Ophiopogonis Radix was the key node of Coptidis Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Radix and core Chinese medicine, and Ophiopogonis Radix was the key node for the connection between Coptidis Rhizoma and Trichosanthis Radix and the core Chinese herbs. Using integrated pharmacology platform analysis, 10 crucial core targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetes were obtained, including the known disease targets (PLCD1, PIK3R1, ENPP1), and potential herb targets(GNB1, ADCY1, AKT1, RAC1, PRKAA1, RHOA) , common target (GCK). There were seven similar targets in the 10 crucial core targets predicted with the combination of "Ophiopogonis Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma and Trichosanthis Radix", including PLCD1, PIK3R1, ENPP1, ADCY1, AKT1, PRKAA1, GCK. These genes were mainly located in the cytosol, plasma membrane, etc., involved in adenosine triphosphate binding, protein binding, platelet activation, etc., mainly involved in the endocrine system, signal transduction, chemokine signaling pathway, cancer pathway, and other metabolic pathways, and it is speculated that these genes were potentially associated with diabetes. In this study, Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System and Integrative Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine are used to analyze the prescription law of Xiaoke prescription, and the correlation of "core herbs-functionary targets" is excavated, which provided the basis and reference for the screening and development of TCM prescriptions for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.